نشریه پرستاری کودکان
سال پنجم شماره 3 (بهار 1398)

intellectual disability is one of the problems faced by families in different societies. The presence of a child with intellectual disability can endanger the physical and mental health of the family. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of ROY adaptation model on the resilience of mothers of children with intellectual disability. This experimental study was carried out on 50 mothers of children with intellectual disability of 6-14 years old in Gonbad-Kavoos city in 2017Sampling was done by random allocation method. The mothers were assigned to two groups of intervention and control. Demographic data questionnaire and CD-RIS resiliency questionnaire were completed. The intervention group completed five training sessions of 45 minutes. Two months later, both groups completed the questionnaires again. Data analysis was done by using independent t-test, paired t-test and covariance test using SPSS 21 software. The pre-interventional resiliency in the control group was 67/16 ± 12/54 and after the intervention was 65/56 ± 11/68. In the experimental group, before the intervention, 72.32 ± 17.37 and after the intervention 82.72 ± 12.92. Independent t-test between the intervention and control groups before and after the intervention showed no significant difference (p = 0.12), but after intervention, there was a significant difference (P <0.01). Also, the paired t-test before and after the intervention in the test group showed a significant difference in the test group (P = 0.004) and control group (P = 0.01). Also, covariance test showed a significant difference between pretest and control groups before and after the intervention (P <0.01). The coefficient of ITA 39.0 indicated that the effect of intervention was 39% on the level of restraint. Using Roy adaptation theory, as an effective and low-cost intervention can    improve the resilience of mothers of children with intellectual disability.

Birth and presence of a child with intellectual disabilities in every family It can be a challenging adverse events Probably will follow stress and frustration and feelings of sadness and despair. The present study was conducted with the aim of determining the effectiveness of the group positive parenting training program on the anhedonia of mothers and behavioral problems of educable mentally retarded children. The research design was a pretest-posttest quasi-experimental design with the control group and 1 month follow up. For this purpose, from among mothers of educable mentally retarded children who referred to educational centers in the Isfahan city in the autumn 2016, 30 participants were selected using convenience sampling method and then were randomly assigned into two experimental and control groups (in each n=15).  Participates responded the anhedonia scale and the test of self-report based on Akhenbakh system (ASEBA). The group positive parenting training program was conducted during 8 sessions in group and for two months on the experimental group. The control group did not receive any intervention. The results of repeated measure indicated that the group positive parenting training program is effective on external behavior problems of chid and two components of anhedonia (social interaction, drink and food) of their mathers. Regarding the obtained results, it disabled to reduce external behavioral problems in children with intellectual disability and improve psychological state of their mothers can benefit from this method.

The present study was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of self-compassion on self-esteem, emotion regulation and anxiety thoughts in the children’s(10-12 years) with depression disorder. It was a quasi-experimental study with pretest, posttest and control group design. The statistical population of the present study included all adolescents with anxiety disorder in the city of Shahrekord in academic year 2015-16. Non-probable available sampling method and random assignment were applied. So 30 female children’s(10-12 years) were selected through purposive method from those with depression signs who referred to consultation center in zone 2 of educational organization in Shahrekord and they were put into experimental and control groups. The experimental group received eight ninety-minute sessions during two and a half months while the control group didn’t receive such intervention during the process of study conduction. The applied instruments included depression, emotion regulation, anxiety thoughts and self-esteem questionnaires. The results of the analysis showed that teaching self-compassion has been effective on the components of self-esteem, emotion regulation and anxiety thoughts in the students with depression disorder (P<0.001). Thus, self-compassion training has been able to increase the children's self-esteem and emotion regulation and reduce their anxiety. According to the findings of the study, teaching self-compassion can be employed to improve self-esteem, emotion regulation and decreasing anxiety thoughts in the children’s and adolescents with depression disorder.

With recognizing principles of pediatric care, the need is rather felt for self-efficient nurses. Self-efficacy is expected to be the most influential among factors affecting nurses’ function. Yet, caring self-efficacy perception of pediatric nurse’s perspective has not been studied in Iran. The present study was conducted to benchmark caring self-efficacy perception of pediatric nurses’ perspectives. This study conducted with qualitative conventional content analysis approach. Participants included 27 pediatric nurses and instructors, selected purposively. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews, and analyzed using conventional content analysis method. Management of care process, Communicational ability, Altruism, Proficiency, were extracted main themes as of caring self-efficacy in this study. Results indicated that caring self-efficacy perception is a multi dimension concept and management of care process, communicational ability, and altruism, proficiency were more important dimension of caring self efficacy in pediatric nurse’s perspectives. These results can be used by nursing managers and instructors to help develop empowerment and efficacy of nurses, especially in pediatric care.

Adolescence is one of the most critical periods of life Because of psychological, social and biological changes, which can affect academic performance.  The purpose of this study was Evaluation of stress, anxiety, depression and its Relationship with Educational Success in adolescence in Salmas city. This is a descriptive-analytic study which is done on 400 teenage boys. A cluster sampling was used for the research sample. The data collection tool was a two-part questionnaire which includes demographic information and grade point average, and questions related to depression, anxiety, and stress (DASS 21). The findings of this study showed that the rate of depression, anxiety and stress was 33.7%, 37.8% and 24.2%, respectively. According to Pearson correlation test, there was a significant and negative correlation between depression, anxiety and stress and Educational Success. According to the results of the study, the stress levels, anxiety and depression in adolescents are high, and it is suggested that interventions need to be done for improving the Educational Success in this group.

Children with hemophilia and children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia, as chronic illness, experience a significant stress from early childhood and are prone to various psychological problems because of long-term treatment and complications and deprivations. This is a causal-comparative study on 50 children with hemophilia and 50 children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia participated from a children hospital (Mofid) in Tehran. All participants were the 12-7 years old. By convenience sampling, the participants were chosen. In this study, Child Behavior Check List (CBCL) was used to assess behavioral and emotional disturbances, which was completed by parents of these children. The results of this study showed that children with hemophilia in the variables of activities, academic performance and overall competence, and children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia in the variables of activities and overall competence scored lower than healthy children. The social performance of these two groups of children did not show any significant difference with healthy children and there was no significant difference in the academic performance of children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia with healthy children. The problems of internalization and extinction, general behavioral and emotional problems of children with hemophilia and children with acute leukemia were more than healthy children. Also, children with Hemophilia showed more behavioral problems than children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. The results indicate that the factors associated with the disease (such as anemia and bleeding), treatment (side effects of drugs) and social exclusion in children with hemophilia and children with acute leukemia caused some psychological problems.

Pregnancy is a natural process in women's lives, but if a pregnancy becomes high-risk, complications are likely to emerge. One of the risk factors posing a looming threat to pregnancy is delivery via cesarean section (C-section). This study was therefore aimed at investigating the prevalence of high-risk pregnancies and the correlation between delivery methods and the Maternal and Neonatal outcomes in women covered by comprehensive health centers affiliated to Qazvin University of Medical Sciences and Health Services in 2017. This descriptive cross-sectional study was performed on 200 women covered by comprehensive health centers affiliated to Qazvin University of Medical Sciences from August to December 2017. The sampling was carried out in multiple stages and the data were collected using a questionnaire on individual and midwifery characteristics. In this study, the frequency of high-risk pregnancies was found to be 75.6%, neonatal outcomes amounted to 28.4%, and cesarean delivery constituted 62.9% of total deliveries. The occurrence of preterm child birth was higher in C-section delivery when compared to natural delivery (46.2% in the natural delivery group and 53.8% in the C-section delivery group). The difference in the frequency of maternal and neonatal outcomes between the two groups was significant for maternal outcomes (p = 0.002), but not for neonatal outcomes (p = 0.28). Since natural delivery is the least complicated delivery method for both the mother and her child, necessary measures should be taken to prevent high-risk pregnancy and reduce C-section delivery rate in order to prevent the occurrence of maternal and neonatal outcomes.

‏Asperger disorder is one of the Autism spectrum disorder. This disorder have higher prevalence in boys than grails. Low attention and high aggression are current psychological symptoms of this disorder. The aim of this research is to investigate The Effect of Child Centered Play Therapy Based on Nature on Attention and Aggression of Children with Asperger Disorder.  The study was a single-subject of AB experimental designs. The statically population of the study was all 7-8 year old children with Asperger ‎disorder in Karaj city by 2017. The participants were referring to the School of autism of the Noor, ‎and 3 children were chosen for experimental study and 1 child for control (totally were 4 child). In this study, targeting sampling ‎method was used. ‎ Interventions performed for 10 treatment sessions (120 minutes, one session per week) ‎for three month, with a follow-up period of one month subsequent to treatment ‎termination‎. The research instrument was Rutter Behavior Scale parent version. ‎chart analysis was used for data analysis of this study and also the effectiveness of ‎therapy was assessed by recovery percent formula and‎ Reliable change index‏.‏ The results indicated that children with Asperger disorder showed improvement in ‎comparison with baseline. The overall improvement in their attention variable was 52/0%, ‎and the RCI was higher than 1.96 for all three children. Therefore, Child Centered Play Therapy Based on Nature has a clinically and statistically significant effect on the increased of attention in ‎children with Asperger's disorder. The results of the follow-up test showed that the effects of the intervention were still ‎ongoing after one month after the last session of the interventions‎. Also, the results of the percentage of recovery (53/6%) indicated a decrease in aggression, ‎and the RCI was higher than 1.96 for all three children. It seems that Child Centered Play Therapy Based on Nature has been effective in reducing the aggression and increasing attention ‎of ‎children with Asperger disorder. Therefore, it is recommended that the ‎treatment ‎of Child Centered Play Therapy Based on Nature as one of the treatment interventions for psychologist and counselors who working and researching in these children.

Early childhood or preschool age is one of the most important periods of childhood development. This period of life is associated to many problems. One of these problems is anxiety. There are numerous therapies for pharmaceutical and non-pharmacotherapy for the treatment of anxiety. Storytelling as a new method is an effective treatment to reduce anxiety. The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of storytelling by group discussion on anxiety of preschool children. The present semi experimental study was conducted on preschool children in kindergarten in the city of Qaen in 2017. Clustering randoml Sampling was done. 60 children were randomly assigned into two groups of intervention and control. For the children in the  interventiongroup, seven sessions of 60 minutes of storytelling were conducted. However, in the control group of children, they received the same previous program. Data were collected by Spence Anxiety Questionnaire. Data were analyzed  by using of analysis of covariance In SPSS version 18. The results of this study showed that out of 60 children, 28 were female and 32 were boys. The mean age of children in the  intervention  group was 6.5 ± 1.2 and in the control group was 6.3 ± 1.5 years. The obtained results indicated the effectiveness of Storytelling in the anxiety (p=0.041) Storytelling as a non-pharmacological approach is a good way to reduce anxiety. Therefore, it is recommended that nursing educators use this method to reduce children's anxiety.

Dialysis dependence may have negative effects on the self-esteem of patients by changing their mental self-image. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of self-management training program based on group discussions on the self-esteem of adolescents with hemodialysis. The statistical sample of this quasi-experimental study included 62 adolescents with hemodialysis. The participants were selected using sequential sampling and then were assigned into two groups, namely intervention (32 members) and control (30 members). The Coopersmith Self-Esteem Inventory (CSEI) was filled out by all participant as the pretest. Then, those in the intervention group participated in four 90-minute sessions of group discussion as a self-management training for 4 weeks. The posttest was conducted one month later. The results showed that compared to the control group, the mean score of self-esteem in the intervention group significantly increased after the implementation of the program (p<0.001). The study findings suggested that self-management training program based on group discussions was effective in increasing the self-esteem of adolescents receiving hemodialysis. Therefore, it is recommended that group discussions should be included in self-management training program for this group of adolescents.